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غلام فرید کاٹھیا اور شاہد رضوان کے افسانے

غلام فرید کاٹھیا اور شاہد رضوان کے افسانے
( تقابلی جائزہ)
غلام فرید کاٹھیا
مہرغلام فرید کاٹھیا کا شمار دور جدید کے فکشن نگاروں میں ہوتا ہے۔ آپ اردو ادب کے ان ابھرتے ہوئے افسانہ نگاروں میں شمار ہوتے ہیں کہ جنہوں نے اپنے افسانوں کے ذریعے پسماندہ طبقے کے مسائل کی بھرپورعکاسی کی ہے۔ مہرغلام فرید کاٹھیا کے اب تک " تین"افسانوی مجموعے"لمحوں کی قید"،"سرسوں کا پھول"اور"سفید تتلیوں کا ہار" شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔مہرغلام فرید کاٹھیا نے اپنے ان تینوں افسانوی مجموعوں میں محتاجوں،غریبوں،لاچاروں، اور مظلوم عورتوں پر ہونے والے مظالم پر قلم اٹھایا ہے۔ آپ کے تمام افسانے غریبوں کے استحصال اور وڈیروں کے ہاتھوں پسماندہ طبقے سے کی جانے والی ناانصافیوں کا منہ بولتا ثبوت ہیں۔ ازل ہی سے بر سرِ اقتدار طبقے نے اپنے سے کم حیثیت لوگوں پر ظلم و جبر کے پہاڑ توڑے ہیں۔امیروں نے غریبوں کو اپنے مفادات کی غرض سے فقط استعمال ہی کیا ہے۔ لوگوں سے تھوڑی اجرت کے بدلے زیادہ مشقت کروائی جاتی رہی ہے۔ پسماندہ طبقے کی غریبی کو مذاق بنا کرحقداروں سے ان کے جائز حقوق چھینے جاتے رہے ہیں۔کارل مارکس کے نظریہ مارکسزم اور ترقی پسند تحریک سے وابستہ افسانہ نگاروں نے جب غریبوں پر ہونے والے جبر و زیادتی کومحسوس کیا تو ان افسانہ نگاروں نے معاشرے کی اصلاح کے لئے غریبوں کے حق میں آواز بلند کرنا شروع کر دی۔ مزدوروں،کسانوں اور غریبوں کو کم اجرت دینے،غریبوں کے غریب تر اور سرمایہ داروں کے امیر تر بنتے جانے کے خلاف جن مصنفین نے اپنی تحریروں میں پسماندہ طبقے کی مشکلات کے حل کے لیے قلم اٹھایا ان میں پریم چند، سعادت حسن منٹو،احمد ندیم قاسمی،عصمت چغتائی،راجندر سنگھ بیدی،اختر حسین رائے پوری وغیرہ شامل ہیں۔
جس طرح ماضی میں دیگر مصنفین و افسانہ نگاروں نے غریبوں کے حق کے لئے قلمی جہاد...

حدیثِ لولاک کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ A Research Review of the Hadith e Lawlāk

The importance and authenticity of the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) in the Muhammadan Ummah is an undisputed fact. A large number of Muḥaddithīn and imams spent their lives in collecting and editing the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and compiled a collection of hadiths. These hadiths were classified according to their health and weakness. Due to the efforts of the imams, there are hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah on all sciences and knowledge and issues and rulings. Among them are Hadith Qudsī, Ma‘rūf, Mawkūf, Maktū‘, Saḥiḥ, Ḥasan Za‘īf and all other types of Hadith. The same Hadith e Qudsīyyah also includes a Hadith Lawlāk "لولاک" refers to those hadiths in which the Prophet ﷺ has been described as the cause of the creation of the universe and the origin of the universe. That is the hadith in which Allah Almighty has related the Prophet (PBUH) as the reason for creating the universe and its beings. However, the words of "Hadith e Lawlāk" The authenticity of the hadith has been made a subject of discussion. Some imams have declared this hadith to be weak and some have also said that it is valid. However, a large number of scholars have agreed on the authenticity of this hadith and the hadith has been declared correct in terms of meaning and has been recorded in the books of hadith, biographies and interpretations and other subject books. In the article under review, the sayings of Imams on the health and weakness of Hadith Lawlāk have been presented and research analysis of the said Hadith has been done through simulation and rational arguments.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Myocardial Injury After Non-Cardiac Surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi

Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors for acute myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi. Design: Prospective cohort study Background: Myocardial injury is the most common major cardiovascular complication in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Large numbers of intermediate-risk and high-risk cardiac patients will be undergoing surgery as the population grows older, and thus myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery could be a rising problem. Patients and Setting: Adult participants undergoing intermediate and high risk non-cardiac surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi were evaluated for incidence and risk factors for myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. Methodology: The study was conducted over 5 months and recruited eligible participants who were scheduled to undergo intermediate and high risk non-cardiac surgery. Their age, gender, height, weight, blood pressure, random blood sugar, haemoglobin, creatinine were assessed preoperatively and later on, an electrocardiogram as well as highly sensitive cardiac troponin T were measured 24 hours postoperatively. Results: 128 participants were evaluated for the incidence and risk factors for myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in this study. Of these, 87.5% underwent intermediate surgery. None of the participants developed ischemic chest pain. 21% had electrocardiographic changes; 12% had T-wave inversion, 9% had ST-depression and none had ST-elevation or new left bundle branch block. 25% of the participants had elevated troponin (>14ng/ml) but only 12.5% had a significantly elevated troponin (>50ng/ml). The odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, elevated random blood sugar were 19.9(95% confidence interval, 1.1-340.2), 11.5(95% confidence interval, 3.6-37.1) and 2.6(95% confidence interval, 1.8- 3.9) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of acute myocardial injury after high and intermediate risk non-cardiac surgery at the Aga Khan University Nairobi is 12.5%. Hypertension, diabetes and elevated random blood sugar significantly increase the risk of developing acute myocardial injury after high and intermediate risk non-cardiac surgery.
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