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آپ ؐ بحیثیت معلم

آپ ؐ بحیثیت مُعلّم
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
لقد کان لکم فی رسول اللہ اسوۃ حسنہ
صدر ِذی وقار اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہور ہی ہے وہ ہے:’’آپؐ بحیثیت معلم ‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
’’وہ ہے اسوۂ حسنہ‘‘ اس مختصر وقت میں آپ ؐ کی زندگی کے تمام گوشوں پر روشنی ڈالنانا ممکن ہے میں صرف آپؐ بحیثیت معلم پراظہار خیال کروں گا۔
صاحبِ صدر!
حضورؐ کی سیرت طیبہ پر اگر سرسری نظر ڈالی جائے تو ہمیں وہاں زندگی کی بوقلمونیوں کا ایک حسین و جمیل مرقعّ نظر آتا ہے، وہاں جنگ کی شعلہ بیانیاں بھی ہیں اورصلح کی راحت و رحمت بھی، دشمن نفرت کے انگارے بھی برساتے ہیں اور عقیدت مند اپنی محبت و مودت کے رنگین پھول بھی نچھاور کر رہے ہوتے ہیں۔ ہم نے محبوبِ خداؐ کو حلقہ یاراں میں بھی دیکھا ہے اور حملہ آوروں کے نرغہ میں بھی۔ ہم نے ان کی کاروباری مصروفیتوں کا بھی مطالعہ کیا ہے، اور غارِ حرا میں خلوتوں میں ان کے سوز و گداز کا بھی جائزہ لیا ہے ،ہم نے انہیں اپنے وطن سے بظاہر انتہائی بے بسی اور بے کسی میں ہجرت کرتے بھی دیکھا ہے اور چند سال بعد اس شہر میں فاتحانہ انداز میں داخل ہونے کا منظر بھی ملاحظہ کیا ہے۔ اپنے اہل وعیال کے ساتھ ان کے برتاؤ کا ریکارڈ بھی ہمارے سامنے ہے اور اپنے جاں نثار اور وفا شعار ساتھیوں کے ساتھ حسن سلوک کی تفصیلات بھی ہمارے پیش نظر ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
زندگی کے وسیع وعریض میدان کا کوئی کونہ ایسانہیں ہے جہاں حبیب کبریا ؐنے اپنے اسوۂ حسنہ کے حسین و جمیل نقوش نہ چھوڑے ہوں۔ یہ جامعیت، یہ...

Pak-US Strategic Partnership in the War on Terror to Curb Militant Bloodbath

Pakistan’s involvement in the US war on terrorism was a tragic decision. No option was left for the ruling elite of Pakistan except to join the global war on terrorism and to take a U-turn from the support of Taliban’s regime in Afghanistan which was duly recognized by Pakistan’s government in 1996. It was expected by the policy-makers of the US that the alliance with Pakistan would provide extraordinary strength in combating the Al-Qaeda and other affiliated conglomerates in Afghanistan as well as in borderland area. However, after fifteen years of war, the alliance has enfeebled despite their mutual understanding regarding the objectives envisaged in the Strategic Partnership. The war on terrorism has now been escalated from Afghanistan to Pakistan and it has provided space to religious extremism, militancy, intolerance, ethnic division and sectarianism. There is no denial to the fact that religious extremism and terrorism are common threat and have damaged both the countries yet Pakistan has sacrificed more than the US in terms of human and material loss. Nevertheless, blame game and trust deficit is on the rise from both sides. This article focuses first on the joint ventures that the US and Pakistan mutually initiated to curb militant bloodbath in Afghanistan as well as in the border region. Secondly, it will explore factors responsible for increasing trust deficit between the partners. The study will not only provide deep understanding about the prevailing issues between Pakistan and the US but will also give true pictures to streamline the methodology for negotiating with each other in  future.

Salt Tolerance Studies in Amphidiploid Species of Genus Brassica.

Saline soils and brackish water are major deterrents to crop production, especially in arid and semi arid areas. A better knowledge of the performance of plants under such conditions may be helpful in identifying suitable species/ genotypes for improved yields. This research aimed at studying the response of some Brassica species at various growth stags (germination, early seedling and maturity) when exposed to different salinity levels. Ten locally adopted genotypes of amphidiploids species of Brassica (five each of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea) obtained from NIA & ARI Tandojam and NIFA Peshawar were used. The studies on germination were conducted in petri dishes which were placed in temperature controlled germinator with four salinity treatments (control, 10, 15 and 20dSm-1 NaCl). The genotypic response at early seedling stage was studied at 1.56, 6.0, 9.0 dSm-1 NaCl in beds filled with fine gravels in net house. These plants were also grown to maturity in a field where salinity ranged from 8.75 to18.88 dSm-1. Among the Brassica juncea genotypes, the genotype Toria selection and Agati sarheen had the best germination followed by NIFA raya & Sultan raya, whereas, the genotype P-78 was found highly sensitive during germination at 20 dSm-1 NaCl salinity level. Among the Brassica napus species, the genotype Wester was least affected by 20 dSm-1 NaCl salinity level, whereas Durr-e- NIFA and Abaseen-95 showed minimum germination. At early seedling stage Sultan raya and Agati sarheen in Brassica juncea, and Wester in Brassica napus performed better than other genotypes at 9 dSm-1 (NaCl) salinity level. It was also observed that the tolerant genotypes had higher K:Na ratio as compared to sensitive ones. In the field no growth was observed above15 dSm-1. Observation recorded in terms of plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of slique plant-1, slique length, grain wt plant-1, grain yield plot-1 and 100 grain wt., showed that among Brassica juncea genotypes, Agati sarheen had < 50% decrease under saline condition in all the growth parameters followed by Sultan raya having < 50% reduction in 7 growth parameters. Whereas, among the Brassica napus genotypes Wester and Abaseen-95 performed better, showing < 50% decrease in all the growth parameters under saline field conditions. The results obtained under natural saline field conditions are to great extent similar to the earlier findings obtained in green house studies. To improve the salt tolerance in Brassica genotypes, nitrogen and potassium were applied exogenously to some selected (tolerant and sensitive) genotypes alone or in various combinations @ 30 mM and 60 mM. Application of these growth promoting chemicals (GPC) improved plant growth under saline environments. Least reduction in different growth parameters was observed in T4 (NH4Cl @ 60 mM), followed by T2 (KCl @ 60 mM). Both these treatments showed comparatively higher increase in organic solutes (proline and glycine betaine) in plants. Sodium accumulation was also low, under T4 treatment followed by T2 treatment. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that application of higher dose of NH4Cl (60mM) and KCl (60 mM) proved suitable stretigies for alleviating the toxic effects of salinity in Brassica species.
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