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خالد مسعود

آہ جناب خالد مسعود!!
یہ خبر علمی و دینی خصوصاً ترجمان القرآن مولانا حمید الدین فراہیؒ کے قدردانوں اور ان کے علوم و افکار کے شیدائیوں کے لیے بڑی غم ناک اور روح فرسا ہے کہ یکم اکتوبر ۲۰۰۳؁ء کو رسالہ تدبر لاہور کے مدیر جناب خالد مسعود صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی کے شاگرد رشید اور علمی وارث و جانشین تھے، انہوں نے اپنی زندگی فکر فراہی کی شرح و ترجمانی اور اس کی ترویج و اشاعت کے لیے وقف کردی تھی، ان کی وفات سے ہم قرآن و حدیث کے ایک بڑے خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگئے۔
مرحوم کو جگر کی بیماری تھی، خون کی رگ بار بار پھٹ جاتی تھی اور خون کی قے ہونے لگتی تھی، آخر اس بیماری نے ان کا کام تمام کردیا۔
خالد مسعود صاحب ضلع جہلم کے ایک گاؤں ’’ﷲ‘‘ ۱۶؍ دسمبر ۱۹۳۵؁ء کو پیدا ہوئے، یہیں ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کی اور ۱۹۵۱؁ء میں نوشہرہ سے فرسٹ ڈویژن میں میٹرک اور ۱۹۵۵؁ء میں اسلامیہ کالج لاہور سے فرسٹ ڈویژن میں بی۔ایس۔سی کیا، ۱۹۵۷؁ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے کیمسٹری میں ایم۔ایس۔سی کیا، ۱۹۵۸؁ء میں انڈسٹریل ریسرچ لیبارٹریز سے وابستہ ہوئے پھر مزید تعلیم کے لندن گئے اور ۱۹۵۹؁ء میں وہاں کے کنگز کالج سے کیمیکل انجینئرنگ میں ڈپلوما حاصل کیا، واپسی کے بعد ۱۹۷۴؁ء میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے علوم اسلامیہ میں ایم۔اے کیا، ۱۹۸۵؁ء میں قائداعظم لائبریری میں ملازمت کی، اس ے وابستگی کے زمانے میں بچوں کے لیے آسان زبان میں متعدد مفید اور معلوماتی کتابیں تحریر کیں، جو بہت مقبول ہوئیں اور بعض پر ان کو ایوارڈ بھی ملا، گو ان کتابوں میں فلکی طبعیات کی جدید ترین تحقیقات کے نتائج اور کائنات کے بارے میں نئے افکار و نظریات پیش کیے گئے ہیں تاہم اسلامی نقطہ نظر کو اوجھل...

کتب علوم الحدیث میں امثال فقہیہ پر اختلاف مسالک کے اثرات؛ ایک تحقیقی جائزہ The effects of differences of Masalik on the Jurisprudential proverbs stated in the books of hadith studies

The foundation of the Sharia is revelation, revelation is the name of two things, the Qur'an and the Sunnah, since both are related to the news, and to convey the news to others, narrators are needed, so for the propagation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah to future generations. It was necessary to have narrators, the narrators of the Holy Qur'an are called Qira, the narrators of the Sunnah are called Muhaddith, the traditions of the Holy Qur'an are called 'Qara'at' and the traditions of the Sunnah are called 'Ahadith'. Both the Qur'an and the Sunnah are revelations, but still there are some differences between them which are explained in detail in the Book of Principles. It was a difficult task, and the significant efforts made by the Muhadditheen in this regard were more famous and campaigned than the knowledge of al-Qaraat and recitation. He became famous with this, and some people even got the wrong impression that he had nothing to do with jurisprudence, and this wrong impression was reinforced by the behavior of the some Narrators. In reasoning and deriving from the Sunnah, there were many disorders and factors that gave birth to different schools of jurisprudence. For example, a hadith revealed to an imam or a jurist during reasoning has a hidden reason that is not revealed to anyone else. Therefore, there is a difference in argumentation. Similarly, sometimes the hadeeth is correct in a certain issue in front of a jurist, while on the other hand, it is weak in the opinion of another, which leads to diversity in argumentation. When the jurists differed in the derivation of the issues and rulings, in fact, these are cases of priority and non-priority, in which there is, however, scope that any position can be declared preferred based on arguments. Keywords:               Hadith, Muhaddithin, Jurisprudential Proverbs, School of Thoughts, Differences.

Ecotypic Adaptations in Bermuda Grass [Cynodon Dactylon L. Pers. ] for Salt Stress Tolerance

Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] belongs to the family Poaceae which is one of the most tolerant and widely distributed turf and fodder grasses. It has cosmopolitan nature and specific adaptations to a variety of environmental hazards. Naturally adapted populations of C. dactylon from different regions of the Punjab, Pakistan were established in the study area, Old Botanic Garden, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad in normal (nonsaline) and saline soil. Experiment for salt stress (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) was arranged in two factor factorial (ecotypes and salt levels) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications in hydroponic system with half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD for comparison of mean values of the data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Minitab statistical software and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) technique. Correlation coefficient was drawn between morphoagronomical, anatomical and physio-biochemical characteristics. Overall salt stress decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot length, number of tillers Plant-1, number of roots Plant-1, number of leaves Plant-1, flag leaf area, internode length, number of stomata, stomatal size, epidermal thickness, phloem area, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents. However increasing effect of salt stress was observed on root length, sclerenchymatous thickness, aerenchyma cells, cortical cell area, metaxylem area, bulliform cell area, trichomes length and density, stomatal conductance water use efficiency, accumulation of Na+ and Cl- along with Ca2+, proline, glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Of all ecotypes, Derawar fort saline desert (DF-SD) ecotype and Pakanna-hyper saline (PA-HS) ecotypes accomplished better under high salinities than their counterparts from the moderately saline Kalar Kahar lake saline (KKL-S) and Pakanna reclaimed field (PA-RF) and least saline Muzaffargarh river bank (M-RB) and Botanical garden (BG-NS). All the ecotypes on the basis of shoot biomass production, root growth and various physio-biochemical and anatomical features, can be rated according to their degree of salt tolerance as DF-SD>PAHS> UL-HS>KL-HS>KKL-S>S-HS>S-SW>PA-RF>T-W>M-RB>BG-NS. In conclusion, all ecotypes adopt very specific strategy/mechanism to cope high salinities, which indicates the change in their genetic makeup during long evolutionary history.
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