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حرف آغاز

غیر سیاسی اسلامی تحریکیں (تعارف اور تجزیہ) ڈاکٹر غلام حید ر مگھرانہ کی تحقیقی کتاب ہے جسے ڈاکٹر مگھرا نہ نے نہایت محنت، ذہانت اور جذبے سے مرتب کیا ہے۔ یوں تو ملت ِ اسلامیہ کی تاریخ کے تمام ادوار کا مطالعہ مسلمانوں کے لیے عام طور پر اور اسلامی علوم کے طلبہ کے لیے خاص طور پر اہمیت کا حامل ہے۔ مگراہل علم کے لیے امت کا دور اول اور دور حاضر خصوصی اہمیت رکھتے ہیں۔ دورِ اول اس لیے کہ یہ امت کی تشکیل، تعمیر، عروج اورسطوت کا دور ہے۔ اس دور میں تشکیل و تعمیرامت کی رہنمائی کا سامان ہے۔

یہ عہد جناب رسالت مآب ﷺ اور آپ کے جانشین خلفاء راشدین کا عہد ہے۔ یہ عہد زمانے کے لحاظ سے ماضی کا حصہ ہے۔ مگر ہر دور کے مسلمانوں کے لیے ایسا ماضی جو حال سے جڑا ہوا اور مستقبل کی صورت گری کا ذریعہ۔ دور ِ حاضر میں ہم پھر تشکیل امت ا ور تعمیر ملت کے مرحلے سے دوچا ر ہیں۔ پھر سے تشکیل و تعمیر کا مرحلہ اس بات کو عیاں کر رہا ہے کہ امت پر تفرقہ اور تخریب کا دور بھی گزرا ہے اور اس کے اثرات اب بھی موجود ہیں، جن سے امت کو پاک کر کے تشکیل و تعمیر کے ر استے پر ڈالنا مقصود ہے۔ اس نیک مقصد کے لیے کوششیں ہر دور میں جاری رہیں۔ شاہ والی اﷲؒ کی شخصیت کو دور زوال اور دور عروج کے لیے آغاز کی شخصیت قرار دیا جا سکتاہے۔ سترویں صدی عیسوی کے اختتام تک ہمارا عروج رہا۔ اٹھارھویں صدی عیسوی کے آغاز میں زوال شروع ہوا۔ اس عہد میں شاہ ولی اﷲؒ نے علمی تحریک کے اسباب مہیا کیے۔

 اسلام دین ہے۔ امت کے دور زوال میں دین اسلام کے ا...

حیل فقہ اسلامی كے تناظر میں

Abstract: Heela (-f*) is an Arabic word used as a term in Islamic Jurisprudence. In English language it can be explained "evasiveness" which can be interrupted in to ways as a person may understand something else than the meaning ofspeaker without labelling the lie. It demands wisdom and minuteness to be usedfor achieving the objectives. It legitimately lawful evasiveness and sinful evasiveness all two dimensions fit. The valid evasiveness fulfill all the legal requirements. It has further three types. Infirst type although evasiveness may be invalid but the achieved purpose must be lawful and valid. For example, a woman, who hasfiledfor divorcedfrom her husband can present before jury the fake witness, in order to achieve her purpose. In second type an evasiveness may be used as mean of profit or hurdlefrom getting a loss. It has the relation ofcause and effect. While in third type it has an element ofambiguity, which may be used to avoid the loss by misleading or giving false statement. Sinful evasiveness is the one which is used to achieve an illegal target. It is further divided into three types. In first type the evasiveness and the required purpose both stand illegal. In second type the evasiveness may be lawful but the targeted objective is unlawful. While in third type the evasiveness and the purpose both may be valid but these are manipulated to achieve an illegal purpose and objective.

Evaluation of Multiple Regression Models Based on Epidemiological Factors to Predict Potato Leaf Roll Virus Disease Incidence and its Management

Potato leaf roll virus is an important and serious threat to successful potato production. It is transmitted by aphid M. persicae in a persistent manner. Multiple regression predictive models were developed on five years data of PLRV disease incidence and epidemiological factors. The model was validated by another regression model based on two years data. The two models showed 77% and 74% disease variability in the PLRV disease development respectively. Minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were appeared to be most contributing factors in the PLRV disease development Similarly aphid population predictive models were developed on five and two years data. The models explained 61% and 64% variability in the aphid population development respectively. Minimum temperature and relative humidity contributed towards the development of aphid population. There was significant correlation of maximum, minimum temperature and relative humidity with PLRV disease incidence. The aphid population had significant correlation with PLRV disease incidence during few years. Only maximum and minimum temperature significantly correlated with the development of aphid population. PLRV disease incidence increases with increase in the maximum and minimum temperature and decreases with the increase in the relative humidity. Forty varieties/lines/clones were screened under field conditions to identify resistance against PLRV. ELISA was the criterion to confirm the virus infection. AUDPC was calculated to quantify the disease resistance during two years of trial. Astrix, Orla, Oceana and Mirrato, Hermes, Safreen and 396266-33 appeared to be highly resistant. Five treatments were applied in combination with salicylic acid to control the PLRV disease and its vector. The results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the PLRV disease incidence and aphid population as compared to the control. Exogenous application of salicylic acid alone and in combination with other treatments reduced the PLRV disease incidence significantly as compared to the control. The most effective treatment was salicylic acid + acetameprid against the aphid M. persicae and PLRV disease.
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