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قصاص کی اقسام

کسی شخص کی جان کے خلاف کوئی جرم ہوا ہو ، تو پوری مماثلت کے ساتھ قصاص لیا جا سکتا ہے۔ اس کی دو اقسام ہیں:
1۔جان کے بدلے جان کا قصاص
جان کو قتل یا ختم کرنے والے کو ویسی ہی سزا دیں گے ۔ ایک شخص نے دوسرے کا قتل کر دیا۔ آپ قصاص میں اسے قتل کر دیں، جیسا کہ ارشاد باری تعالیٰ ہے
﴿وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ﴾158
"اور لکھ دیا ہم نے ان پر اس کتاب میں کہ جان کے بدلے جان کا (قتل ہے) "
احادیث کی روشنی میں درج ذیل اعضاء کا قصاص لیا جائے گا۔ جان کے بدلے جان کا خاتمہ
"عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا رَضَّ رَأْسَ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا: مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكِ، أَفُلاَنٌ أَوْ فُلاَنٌ،حَتَّى سُمِّيَ اليَهُودِيُّ، فَأَوْمَأَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا، فَجِيءَ بِهِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حَتَّى اعْتَرَفَ، «فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺفَرُضَّ رَأْسُهُ بِالحِجَارَةِ "159
" حضرت انس  فرماتے ہیں کہ ایک یہودی نے ایک لڑکی کا سر پتھر پر پتھر رکھ کر کچل ڈالا ۔ لڑکی سے پوچھا گیا کہ تجھے کس نے مارا ہے ؟ فلاں نے یا فلاں نے ؟ جب اس کے سامنے یہودی کا نام لیا گیا تو لڑکی نے سر کے اشارے سے یہودی کی نشاندہی کی یہودی کو رسول اللہﷺ کی خدمت میں لایا گیا اس نے جرم کا اعتراف کیا ۔ اور آپ ﷺ کے حکم سے اس یہودی کاسر پتھر سے کچل دیا گیا ۔ "
2۔عضو کے بدلے عضو کا قصاص
قتل کرنے کے علاوہ کسی عضو کے کاٹنے پر بھی قصاص ہے۔اگر ایک شخص نے کسی کی ناک، کان کاٹا یا آنکھ نکالی تو بدلے میں دوسرے شخص کی ناک ، کان کاٹا یا آنکھ نکالی جا سکتی ہے،جیسا کہ ارشاد باری ہے
﴿وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ ﴾160
"اور آنکھ کے...

سیرت رسول عربی ﷺ(از نور بخش توکلی)کے منہج و اسلوب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The topic of ‘Sacred role (Seerat)’ with the affinity of the Rasool (saw) having significance, status and vast acceptance is undoubtedly beyond expression. If we make analysis of a religious literature, we find most of its part consisting on such topics that are directly affiliated with the silent features of the personality of the Rasool (saw). In storehouse of knowledge and architecture of the world ‘Art of Sacred role’ has attained its prominent supremacy. The beginning of this art was based on the details of Ghazwat in Islam but with the passage of time, it was enlarged in such a way that a great piece of literary work on ‘Sacred role’ has been pin pointed in sub-continent. Many literate of persona put forth their pens on this topic out of whom Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is also the most famous name who wrote a with title of “Seerat Rasool-e-Arabi” on the personality of Rasool. The expression of the affection and following of the Rasool (saw) by Noor Bakhsh Tawakli is expressed by the leaves of this book. He is best known for his popular for this book which has its own status in this field. He wrote the book in the era during which the western civilization had strangled the youth of that time. Materialism was in its climax. A great piece of strife was being made to disintegrate the true bond of affection and following of the Rasool (saw) but the profundity of learning, recognition of knowledge, strict eye on the present condition of that time and the salient factors of love of the Rasool (saw) were quite dominant in this book. The leaves of which were enriched with the florescence of love and affection of Rasool(saw).  

Approximation of Planar Curves for Computer Aided Designs

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used for the manufacture and analysis of designs in industry. The transcendental planar curves such as spirals and conics are inconsistent with the Computer Aided Design system. In CAD planar curves, which provide free-form mathematical description of shapes, are approximated to parametric curves and used as the basic building block. The planar curves such as circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola are employed in the research work presented here for shape expression, designing of mechanical accessories (tube benders, cutters, wrenches, clamp systems, inspection gauges), designing of railway and highway routes, construction of roller coaster and outline of the fonts in Computer Aided Design system. The cubic C-Bézier curve, cubic H-Bézier curve and parametric rational cubic curve are practiced to approximate these planar curves. These curves are in control point form and satisfy the properties of famous ordinary Bézier and spline curves. We establish that these curves, which are generalization of cubic Fergusons curves, cubic Bézier curves and cubic uniform B-spline curves are more efficient and closer to the control polygon than the ordinary Bézier and spline curves. The proposed approximation schemes are designed to control the geometric features of planar curves with the geometric constraints. The control points of the cubic C-Bézier curve, cubic H-Bézier curve and parametric rational cubic curve are evaluated by geometric approximation constraints. We use a number of optimization techniques to control the error of the proposed schemes and to provide a unique approximating curve for a given planar curve. The schemes in practice at present approximate planar curves in terms of control points and weights of rational quadratic Bézier curve. The main contribution of this thesis is that the proposed geometric approximation schemes are based on end tangents and curvatures of planar curves. Therefore, these approximation schemes do not need the rational quadratic Bézier representation of planar curves. Numerical experiments suggest that the presented approximation schemes of this thesis are simple, effective and feasible. The absolute errors for developed approximation schemes are less than the prevailing schemes. The smaller absolute error confirms the applicability and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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