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مولانا محمد کفیل فاروقی

مولانا محمد کفیل فاروقی
دنیا میں کتنے ہی ارباب علم وفضل اوراصحاب مجدو کمال ہیں جو اپنے وقت کے جید عالم ہوتے ہیں اور بڑے لگن اور خلوص کے ساتھ شب و روز درس و تدریس، مطالعہ اورتصنیف وتالیف میں مشغول رہتے ہیں لیکن شہرت ونام ونمود کی دنیاسے الگ تھلگ رہنے کے باعث ان کے کمالات کاعلم صرف ان چند لوگوں کو ہوتاہے جواُن کے حلقۂ احباب یا حلقۂ تلامذہ میں شامل ہوتے ہیں۔ان کے علاوہ کسی کو خبربھی نہیں ہوتی کہ وہ کس پایہ کے عالم وفاضل تھے ان کامطالعہ کتنا وسیع تھااورعلمی وفنی مباحث ومسائل میں ان کی دقت نظر کاکیاعالم تھا۔
اسی قسم کے’’چھپے ہوئے رستم‘‘لوگوں میں سے راقم الحروف کے نہایت عزیز دوست اورمدرسہ عالیہ کلکتہ کے زمانے کے رفیق کار مولانا محمد کفیل فاروقی تھے جو کم وبیش۷۷برس کی عمر میں ایک طویل علالت کے بعد اپنے وطن حبیب والہ بجنور(یوپی)میں گذشتہ اگست کی۱۸/تاریخ کوداعی اجل کو لبیک کہہ گئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مرحوم اپنے وطن کے ایک خوشحال اورزمیندار گھرانہ کے چشم وچراغ تھے۔ان کے والد منشی محمد عبداﷲ وکالت کاپیشہ کرتے تھے اوراس میں کامیاب تھے۔ مگر تھے نہایت متشر ع اوردیندار۔ایک دن اچانک خیال آیا کہ اﷲ تعالیٰ نے تھوڑی بہت جاگیر وجائیداد کے ذریعہ روزی کاانتظام توکرہی رکھاہے توپھرجھوٹ کوسچ اورسچ کوجھوٹ دکھانے کی شعبدہ بازی کی کیا ضرورت۔ وکالت کاپیشہ ترک کردیااور اپنا وقت مطالعہ اورعبادت وخلق خدا کی خدمت میں بسر کرنے لگے۔نہایت متواضع اورمہمان نواز تھے۔
مولانا محمدکفیل فاروقی۱۹۰۴ء کوپیداہوئے۔ابتدائی تعلیم عربی فارسی کی گھر میں ایک اتالیق کے ذریعہ اورپھر نیگہنہ کے ایک عربی مدرسہ میں پائی۔اس کے بعد دارالعلوم دیوبند میں داخلہ لیااوردورۂ حدیث سے فارغ ہوئے۔ الہٰ آباد یونیورسٹی سے عالم فاضل اورکامل کے امتحانات بھی پاس کیے۔ تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد لاہور کے کسی اخبار میں ایڈیٹر ہوگئے۔ڈیڑھ دوبرس...

Psychological Effects of First Language Attrition on Undergraduate English Level Learners in Faisalabad

For many years, researchers have debated the impact of a learner's second language (L2) on their first language (L1). The general goal of this study is to identify the psychological elements that contribute to first language loss when learning a second language. Because this study is limited to Faisalabad, the first language is Urdu, and the data was gathered from undergraduate English as a second language students. The present study investigates to what degree English, as a second language, learners feel it difficult to communicate in a foreign language environment. English language classrooms of two universities including a private and government-level university have been taken as a sampling frame. Data have been collected through questionnaires which were given to twenty-five (25) students from each university. In addition, semi-structured interviews were done to assess replies. The findings demonstrated that psychological abruptions are a primary cause of the smothering of the first language to the constraints of foreignness and oddity in English Language Learners. The study finds that improved language education rules are required, and students should be able to utilize their first and second languages in day-to-day conversation. The study is useful for improving pedagogical practice in English Language Teaching (ELT).

The Present Status, Potential and Contribution of Various Non Wood Forest Products in the Earthquake Prone of Northern Belt of Pakistan

The role and potential of Non Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) to contribute towards livelihoods of the poor and its capacity to rehabilitate problem hit communities, has been explored. Present research was designed to monitor the “Status, Potential and Contribution of various NWFPs in the Earthquake Prone Northern Belt of Pakistan”. The research findings provide an insight to quantify NWFPs, role in uplift of the socio-economic conditions of districts Mazzafarabad (MA) and Bagh (B). The study also focused on marketing potential of NWFPs in livelihood improvement of the community. The methodology included using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. At the outset, quadrat and transect methods were applied to estimate inventory of NWFPs determining frequency, cover and density of important NWFPs. A well designed questionnaire was used as an instrument to quantify the contribution of NWFPs in economic status of the 200 respondents sampled from the study sites (100 from each district). The results of the study and projected modeling pertaining to socio-economic variables suggested that age, education, land holdings and income predicted significant involvement in collection, processing and storage of NWFPs. Most important NWFPs included, Gucchi (Morchella esculenta), Masloon (Polygonum alplexicaule), Atees Patrees (Aconitum heterophyllum) , Kuth (Saussurea lappa), Banafsha (Viola odorata) having pronounced impact on the livelihood of the forest dwellers. There were 82 % respondents involved in collection, perceived as most important NWFPs being useful for income and health curing. NWFP harvesting, processing and collection designated as family business. Exploitation of important NWFPs was mostly done manually; harvested quantities ranged below 01 kg and mainly utilized for domestic purposes. Most of the NWFP collection was done in August and September based on maturity period of the produce. Season and absence of relevant tools and lack of training led inhabitants harvest up to 1kg of the NWFP for domestic consumption and selling. Collection was mainly done in August and September except mushrooms which mature in March-April. Because of the primitive and manual methods employed there were losses incurred in collection, processing and storage of NWFPs. Marketing of NWFPs was another aspect needed due consideration, poor marketing did not allow real returns to reach respondents because of almost all selling of NWFPs to middlemen who in turn fetch lion’s share by transporting produce to retailer, whole sale dealers and to exporters. NWFPs are important in their contributions towards livelihoods of the respondents in that it increased income attainment, meet health expenses, provide medicine for family, help to repay loans, provide money for child education, used for household consumption, help to get credit and used for extending gifts and other benefits. Income attainment, meeting health expenses and medicinal uses of NWFPs, however, reported as major contributors towards livelihoods of the inhabitants. Deforestation had negative impacts on NWFP collection in that it reduced income, caused problems in regeneration and reforestation activities as well aided in floods prevalence and land sliding problems. The study concluded with emphasis on public private partnership in rendering sustainable harvesting, conservation and value addition of NWFP for greater profits and establishment of cottage industry for employment opportunities for youth and women. A need was felt for mechanism of market information and access of producer to all market chains. The study also made recommendations of extension strategies for popularization of NWFP harvesting technologies and value addition based on people perceptions, beliefs and socio-economic profile. Lastly, conservation efforts were needed to minimize negative effects of deforestation. Keywords: NWFPs; Livelihoods; Deforestation; Employment.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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